ITF：2025年海员遗弃恶化 今年数字誓破去年纪录
ITF: Seafarer abandonment in 2025 poised to shatter 2024 record
ITF公布的新数据显示，船舶遗弃数字较去年同期激增近33%。
New figures released by the ITF reveal that vessel abandonments have surged nearly 33% year on year.
截至今年 5 月，已记录的船舶遗弃数字达158宗，2024年同期数字则为 119宗。
By May this year, 158 cases of vessel abandonment had been recorded, up from 119 at the same point in 2024.
这些个案代表有超过1,501名海员向ITF寻求援助，其中许多人被拖欠工资，没有粮食、饮用水或无法进入港口，且此等情况往往持续数月之久。
These cases represent more than 1,501 seafarers who have reached out to the ITF for assistance, many of whom were left unpaid, without food, water or access to ports, often for months at a time.
ITF秘书长Stephen Cotton表示：「船舶遗弃现象是一个日益严重的系统性问题。每个数字背后都代表一个人，一个被这个行业和负责监管的政府辜负了的人。我们即将打破去年的惊人纪录，这一事实表明，改革是刻不容缓的。」
“Abandonment is a growing, systemic problem,” said Stephen Cotton, ITF General Secretary. “Behind every number is a human being who has been failed by the industry and the governments responsible for regulating it. The fact that we’re on track to break last year’s appalling record is a sign that urgent reform is needed.”
成功追薪数百万元，人力代价却持续增加
Millions recovered, but the human cost is growing
2024年，ITF及其全球检查员網絡为「方便旗」（FOC）船舶上的海员追回了超过5,810万美元的欠薪。这些船舶监管力度极小，已成为剥削性航运作为的温床。其中，1,350万美元欠薪归还予遭遗弃的海员。
In 2024, the ITF and its global network of inspectors recovered more than $58.1 million in unpaid wages for seafarers working on ships running ‘Flag of Convenience’ (FOC) registries that offer minimal oversight and have become a haven for exploitative shipping practices. Of that total, $13.5 million was returned to abandoned seafarers alone.
截至2025年，ITF检查员协助受船舶遗弃事件影响的海员追回410万美元。但随着案件数量增加， ITF坦言，其执法力度的限制亦日益受担忧。
Already in 2025, ITF inspectors have helped recover $4.1 million for seafarers affected by abandonment. But as the number of cases climb, the Federation says it is increasingly concerned by the limits of enforcement.
ITF检查员主管Steve Trowsdale表示：「我们处理的是一些逃避责任的船东，但那些不合格的登记机构往往袖手旁观。很多情况下，我们无法确定船东的身份，船旗国也不愿或无力采取行动。这正是此类案件数目上升及导致危机的原因——有罪不罚现象正在全面蔓延。」
“We’re dealing with owners who walk away from their obligations, often while sub-standard registers look on and do nothing,” said Steve Trowsdale, Head of the ITF Inspectorate. “In many cases, it’s impossible to identify the owner, and flag states are either unwilling or unable to act. This is what makes the rise in cases so dangerous – impunity is growing across the board.”
方便旗：航运业的祸害
Flags of Convenience: a scourge of the maritime industry
为了应对日益增长的担忧，ITF 将图瓦卢和几内亚比绍添加到其长期方便旗 (FOC) 名单中，使名单上的国家总数达到 45 个。这两个国家都与所谓的「影子船队」有关，这些船队运送受制裁的石油并逃避监管审查。
In response to growing concerns, the ITF has added Tuvalu and Guinea Bissau to its longstanding FOC list, bringing the total number of countries on the list to 45. Both countries are linked to so-called “shadow fleets” transporting sanctioned oil and evading regulatory scrutiny.
方便旗国家允许船东在税率最低、劳工标准较低且所有权保密的司法管辖区注册船舶——这意味着方便旗船舶上的海员，面临低工资、长时间工作和不安全的工作条件。如今，全球超过50%的船队在方便旗国家注册，超过80%的遗弃船舶也在方便旗国家注册。该体系让不法分子从中牟利，同时却让海员容易受到剥削。
FOC states allow shipowners to register vessels in jurisdictions that offer minimal taxes, low labour standards, and secrecy over ownership – this means that seafarers on FOC ships face low wages, long hours and unsafe working conditions. Today, more than 50% of the world fleet is registered in FOC states, with more than 80% of abandoned vessels also registered to FOCs. The system has enabled unscrupulous actors to profit while leaving seafarers vulnerable to exploitation.
Stephen Cotton表示：「航运是推动全球贸易的引擎，但船员却被当作『一次性用品』对待。我们必须揭露并改革方便旗制度。每艘船都必须悬挂国旗，并必须能够透明、可追溯地证明其真正受益船东的身份，监管机构必须有权使用武力——并且愿意——拘留和惩罚那些遗弃船员的人。
“Shipping is the engine of global trade, yet its workers are treated as disposable,” said Cotton. “We must expose and reform the FOC system. Every vessel must carry a flag that can prove a transparent, traceable link to its true beneficial owner, and regulators must be armed – and willing – to detain and penalise those who walk away from their crews.
「只有透过真确而透明的系统和强而有力的执法，我们才能消除遗弃船舶的祸害，并建立海员应得的安全、公平行业。」
“Only through that genuine link and robust enforcement will we eradicate the scourge of abandonment and build the safe, fair industry seafarers deserve.”
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https://www.itfseafarers.org/en/news/itf-seafarer-abandonment-2025-poised-shatter-2024-record
