自動船發展專題報告 Report on Autonomous Ship

自動船發展專題報告 Report on Autonomous Ship

2018年11月,香港商船高級船員協會與香港航業海員合倂工會委托上海海事大學商船學院就自主船舶對海員職業發展和航海教育培訓的影響進行了專題研究。以下是研究成果的部分内容:

       據了解,第一艘完全自主船將於2020年左右投入使用。過去數年,本會與上海海事大學、香港商船高級船員協會亦一同對有關自主船對海員職業發展和航海教育培訓的影響作出了一些研究。

隨著科技的快速發展,船舶的駕駛和管理朝著智能化和自主化方向進一步發展。根據IMO的定義,自主船舶為在某程度上可以不依賴人機交互操作而獨立運行的船舶。另外,有學者認為,無人船舶同樣享有《聯合國海洋法公約》(UNCLOS公約) 所規定傳統船舶在公海或專屬經濟區享有的自由航行權以及領海中無害通過權。

自主船舶的關鍵技術包括:資訊物理系統、綜合駕駛台系統、環境資訊感知、避碰路徑規劃、航跡控制、物聯網、雲計算和大數據。自主船舶的發展勢必會對船舶的配員標準和岡位產生一定的影響。在足夠的技術支持和預警系統的情況下,某些操作可能是自動化的,但備用人員準備好接受手動控制,船員將更加依賴於電腦和自動化技術。由於幾十年來,船上船員隊伍的數量已經普遍維持在22人左右。自主船的出現對船員數量變化和影響並不明顯,但崗位對自動化、資訊化相關知識以及邏輯和批判思維能力有更大的要求。

根據報告,以最具代表性的“3000總噸及以上”和“主機功率3000千瓦級以上”一般船舶作為研究對象。同等類型的遙控船舶的最低安全配員比傳統船舶多2人。即配有船員的遙控船舶人數不減反增,雖船長可能會轉為岸基船長,輪機長轉為岸基技術人員,但同時會增加一些岸上的技術崗位。另外,無船員的遙控船舶不再依賴在船船員,代之由岸上遙控人員完成,大大減少了船舶配備船員的人數與崗位種類。

在航海教育方面,資訊技術相關知識的廣度和難度將會提高。公約和法規等方面的培訓要求將更加嚴格。定制化專項培訓會更為普遍。工程技術培訓重要性加強。加強邏輯和批判性思維訓練。領導力培訓會增加。

總括而言,此類自主船將對岸基技術支持人員提出了更高的要求。無人船需要更專業的人員在船舶運營中心工作,對船舶航行提供技術支援和決策。配有船員的遙控船舶的航海從業人員所需知識結構產生了很大的變化。

It is reported that the first fully autonomous ship will be put into operation around 2020. In the past few years, we has worked with Shanghai Maritime University and the Hong Kong Merchant Navy Officers’ Guild to conduct the research on the impacts of Marine Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) on the seafarer’s career and MET.

Thanks to rapid improvement of technology, the navigation and management of ships is further developed towards intelligence and automation. As defined by IMO, Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship means a ship, which, to a varying degree, can operate independently without man-machine interaction. Furthermore, some researchers hold that unmanned vessel could also enjoys the same rights in the stipulation of UNCLOS Convention in public sea and exclusive economic zone of right of navigation and the right of innocent passage in territorial sea.

The key technologies for autonomous vessels include Cyber-physical Systems, Integrated Bridge System, environmental information perception, collision avoidance path planning, track control, Internet of Things, cloud computing and big data. The development of autonomous ship is certain to influence the standard and consequently effect on the seafarer’s post and number. In the case of adequate technical support and early warning systems, some operations may be automated, but the standby personnel are ready for manual control. Crews will rely more on computers and automation technology. the number of crew members on board has been generally maintained at around 22 for decades. Development of ship with process automation has no obvious impact on the number of crews and the position but the post has greater requirements for automation, information related knowledge and logical and critical thinking abilities.

According to the report, the most representative general ships of “3000 gross tonnage and above” and “main engine power 3000 kw and above” have been selected as the research object. Under the same type of ship, the minimum safety manning of remote control ship is 2 more than the traditional ship. The personnel required for ship navigation will increase instead of decrease. Although the captain may be converted to a shore-based captain and the chief engineer to a shore-based technician, some technical posts on the shore will be added. Moreover, for the remote-control ship without crew, its navigation is completed by the no onshore remote-control personnel, instead of depending on the onboard crew. Therefore the number of crew equipped in ships and the types of posts have been greatly reduced.

In maritime education and training, the breadth and difficulty of relevant information technology knowledge will increase. Training requirements in areas such as conventions and regulations will be more stringent. Customised specialised training will be more common. The importance of engineer technology training will be strengthened. Logical and critical thinking training will be strengthened. Leadership training will increase.

To conclude, such marine autonomous surface vessel will have higher requirements for shore-based technical support personnel. What unmanned vessels need are higher level and well-educated talents to work in the vessel operation center, providing technical support and decision-making for the vessel’s navigation and operation. The knowledge structure required by maritime practitioners on Remote-control vessels with crew members has changed greatly.

報告詳細内容請見以下鏈接:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mCwyIE-kRz-OWwf7i_NbQtCfXm1KCQKB/view

Please read more if interested:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1YlXevvcf1ICqZrk_f804xL9YrWHnwm5q

中國社會保險(社保)報告 Social Insurance in China

中國社會保險(社保)報告 Social Insurance in China

2018年1月,香港商船高級船員協會、香港航業海員合倂工會委托上海海事大學商船學院就中國海員的社會保險情況進行了專題研究。以下是該專題組對於中國海員社會保險情況的分析:

社會保險(社保)計劃由政府舉辦,強制某一群體將其收入的一部分作為社會保險稅(費)形成社會保險基金,在滿足一定條件的情況下,被保險人可從基金獲得固定的收入或損失的補償,它是一種再分配製度,它的目標是保證物質及勞動力的再生產和社會的穩定。主要是一種為喪失勞動能力、暫時失去勞動崗位或因健康原因造成損失的人口提供收入或補償的一種社會和經濟制度。

社會保險的主要項目包括養老保險、醫療保險、失業保險、工傷保險、生育保險。五項保險覆蓋人群分別達到9.15億、11.77億、1.88億、2.27億及1.92億。基金總收入為6.64萬億元人民幣;總支出為5.69萬億元人民幣,可見社保在中國的重要性。現時,社保把商業保險建成社會保障體系的“重要枝柱”,充分發揮商業保險對基本養老、醫療保險的補充作用,加上實施機關事業單位養老保險制度改革,令社保制度更全面。當中,養老金更十三連漲,2004年的月均647元人民幣提高至2017年的2000多元人民幣,對於我國收入分配發揮著定的積極作用。

截至2016年底,全國(內地)註冊船員1392751人,其中海船船員672961人,內河船員719790人,分別比2012年增長134.51%、127.08%、和142.30%,船員隊伍規模位居全球第一,由此可見社保對船員的影響是尤其深遠。隨著船員職業的發展,船員的流動性越來越強,船員勞務派遣行為越來越普遍和頻繁。社會自由船員沒有固定的用人單位,與用工單位簽訂勞務合同,這種勞務關係存在自由船員、外派公司都不按規定繳納社保的風險。

藉此,上海海事大學進行了多方面的中國海只社保繳費情況調研分析,研究對象主要為沿海地區工作的海員,鑑於海員流動性強和分佈廣泛的特點,本研究選取了8個城市及112名海員。有多於九成海員為國際性航區工作,八成受訪者表示於休假期間社會保險費用承擔來源是以公司與個人按正常比例標準繳納,其餘兩成人則全部個人承擔。在投保方面,有五成五的受訪海員會辦理全部五項的社保,由此可見中國海員對於自己的保障及待遇甚為重視。從問卷調查結果中分析可知,許多海員對於單位與其個人社保繳納費用與比例十分不了解,建議應對海員相應知識進行培訓與宣貫。建議對中國海員外派城市的海員社保繳納情況進行全面的數據收集與分析。

事實上,我國已經加入《2006海事勞工公約》,幾年來的履約實踐表明,已經建立起一套比較完善的社會保障體系,參保人群數量日益增加,社會保險基金規模不斷擴大,社會保障待遇水平不斷提高,更加註重立法與管理能力建設,社會保障法制化水平明顯提高。由於我國沿海城市與內陸城市、特區城市與一般城市、直轄城市與其他城市之間的經濟發展和人們的生活水平存在一定差異,各城市在對海員社保規定方面也根據當地發展的實際情況作出不同要求。

報告内容請見以下鏈接:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ZLBrook6UQd6cdHZ4mZD-J36AZavUgyd

2019冠狀病毒病疫苗接種計劃 COVID-19 Vaccination Programme

隨着香港政府早前採購的新型冠狀病毒疫苗陸續抵港,政府公布了有關疫苗接種計劃之資料。

政府採購的3款新型冠狀病毒疫苗包括:

  1. 科興「克爾來福」疫苗 – 採用滅活病毒技術平台 (已抵港)
  2. 復星醫藥/德國藥廠BioNTech「復必泰」疫苗 – 採用mRNA技術平台 (未抵港)
  3. 英國牛津大學與阿斯利康藥廠合作研發的疫苗 – 非複製性病毒載體疫苗 (未抵港)

政府會為以下五個組別的人士優先接種疫苗,分別為:

  1. 60 歲或以上人士(陪同70歲或以上長者接種疫苗的人士可以獲得接種,最多兩人)
  2. 醫療服務場所工作人員及參與抗疫工作人員
  3. 安老院/殘疾人士院舍院友及員工
  4. 維持必要公共服務的人員
  5. 跨境運輸、口岸、港口工作人員

當中船員為優先接種疫苗人士中的第5個類別,可先網上預約接種疫苗。(現時只提供科興「克爾來福」疫苗)

合資格人士到社區疫苗接種中心接種疫苗時需帶備文件:

  1. 身分證明文件
  2. 優先接種組別證明(如適用;包括:僱員證、委任證、政府部門或其合約承辦商發出的身份證明信件、牌照、僱主信)
  3. 預約確認短訊或確認登記影印本

合資格人士亦可到醫管局轄下的指定普通科門診診所或指定私家醫院和診所接種疫苗。

詳情請參考政府有關新型冠狀病毒疫苗接種計劃之網頁:

https://www.covidvaccine.gov.hk/zh-HK/

香港國際海員服務中心希望各位船員藉着接種疫苗提高自身保護,為航運業復甦作準備。

本中心提醒各位船員切勿鬆懈,疫情結束前仍佩戴口罩、勤洗手。

The Hong Kong Government now has plans about the COVID-19 vaccines injection for the public.

Total 3 kinds of COVID-19 vaccines are or will be available for injection:

  1. Sinovac CoronaVac vaccine – Inactivated virus technology platform (has arrived HK)
  2. Fosun Pharma in collaboration with the German drug manufacturer BioNTech (BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine) – mRNA technology platform (not arrived yet) 
  3. AstraZeneca, in collaboration with the University of Oxford – Non-replicating viral vector technology platform (not arrived yet) 

The Government decided to arrange priority vaccination for the five groups below:

  1. Persons aged 60 years or above (a maximum of two carers who accompany elderly people aged 70 or above can also receive vaccination);
  2. Personnel in healthcare settings and those participating in anti-epidemic related work;
  3. Residents and staff of residential care homes for the elderly / persons with disabilities;
  4. Personnel maintaining critical public services; and
  5. Personnel performing cross-boundary related work.

Seafarers belong to the fifth category among those who have priority in vaccination. Therefore, seafarers can make an online appointment for the jab.

Documents to bring for those go to Community Vaccination Centres for vaccination:

  1. identity document
  2. proof for priority group (if applicable; including staff card, warrant card, identity proof issued by Government departments and their service contractors, licence, employer’s letter)
  3. SMS message or photocopy of booking confirmation

Eligible people can also visit designated general outpatient clinics (GOPCs) of the Hospital Authority and designated private hospitals and clinics for the jab.

For details, please refer to the government website on the COVID-19 vaccination program.

https://www.covidvaccine.gov.hk/en/

The Hong Kong International Seaman Service Center hopes that all seafarers can enhance protection through vaccination and prepare for the recovery of the shipping industry.

We also remind all seafarers to continue wearing masks and washing hands frequently until the end of the epidemic.

OOCL HONG KONG

OOCL HONG KONG
G Class (21,413 TEUs)

Call Sign: VRQL9
Flag (Registration): Hong Kong
Year Built: 2017
GRT: 210,890
NRT: 63,279
L.O.A. (m): 399.87
B. MLD (m): 58.8

 

https://www.oocl.com/eng/ourservices/vessels/gclass21413/Pages/ooclhongkong.aspx