2025年海员遗弃个案激增30%
Seafarer abandonments cases surge by 30% in 2025
今年迄今，已有超过2,280名海员遭遗弃于222艘船上，欠薪金额高达1,310万美元，案件数量年增30%。
Over 2,280 seafarers have been abandoned aboard 222 vessels so far this year – with $13.1 million in unpaid wages and a 30% year-on-year increase in cases.
国际运输工人联盟（ITF）发布的最新数据显示，全球海员遗弃个案再次出现令人不安的激增。
New figures released by the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) reveal yet another disturbing surge in the abandonment of seafarers worldwide.
截至2025年7月中，至少有2,286名海员被遗弃在222艘船上，他们通常没有发放工资、缺乏食物或医疗支援。相比之下，2024年，也就是有纪录以来海员遗弃案件最严重的一年，共发生了172宗案件，涉及1,838名海员，欠薪金额达1,150万美元。
So far in 2025, at least 2,286 seafarers on 222 vessels have been left stranded, often without pay, food, or medical support. By comparison, at this point in 2024, already the worst year on record for seafarer abandonment, there had been 172 cases involving 1,838 seafarers and $11.5 million in unpaid wages.
2025年录得的遗弃案件中，高达37%发生在阿拉伯国家，是全球比例最高的地区；34%海员遗弃事件发生在欧洲 (大多数发生在尚未批准《海事劳工公约》的土耳其)，个案数字比排名第三的亚太地区高出两倍多。
A staggering 37% of all abandonment cases in 2025 have occurred in the Arab World – the highest proportion of any region globally. Thirty-four percent have taken place in Europe (the majority in Turkiye, yet to ratify the Maritime Labour Convention) – more than double the share of Asia Pacific, the next highest region.
ITF警告称，波斯湾沿岸国家，尤其是阿拉伯联合酋长国（UAE），以及欧洲国家，必须加强追究船东的责任，防止其港口或港口附近发生遗弃事件。
The ITF warns that Gulf states, particularly the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and European states must do more to hold shipowners accountable and prevent abandonments in or near their ports.
ITF 检查团协调人Steve Trowsdale表示：「我们看到了一种不容忽视、必须予以正视的『虐待模式』。近年来，波斯湾地区，尤其是阿联酋，海员遗弃案件数字大幅增加。无论是在该地区还是在欧洲，都必须加大力度打击那些黑心船东，让他们知道后果自负。
“We are seeing a pattern of abuse that cannot be ignored and that must be confronted,” said Steve Trowsdale, the ITF’s Inspectorate Coordinator. “In recent years, the Gulf region, and the UAE in particular, has seen a huge increase in seafarer abandonment cases. Both there and in Europe, much more must be done to crack down on the rogue shipowners who need to know there’ll be consequences.
「每一宗遗弃事件都是一种耻辱，是对人权的蓄意侵犯，而遗弃事件未能遏止，暴露了海运业内存在着系统性问题。」
“Every single case of abandonment is a disgrace. It’s an intentional abuse of human rights, and the failure to end abandonment exposes a systemic problem in the maritime industry.”
方便旗制度受到审查
Flags of Convenience under scrutiny
「遗弃」在国际法下有着明确的定义，这意味着许多案件涉及海员被拖欠工资两个月或更长时间，或被困于船上，或得不到食物或医疗支持。
‘Abandonment’ has a specific definition under international law, meaning many of the cases involve seafarers being denied pay for two months or more, or being left stranded, or left without food or medical support.
这些数据也凸显了遗弃行为的结构性促成因素。方便旗 (FOC) 制度仍是这场危机的核心。在方便旗国注册的船舶，例如圣基茨和尼维斯 (26艘)、坦尚尼亚(26艘) 和科摩罗 (18艘)，在遗弃名单中占据主导地位。这些船旗国为船东提供了匿名性、放松监管和免受审查的机会——但这直接损害了海员的权益。
The figures also highlight the structural enablers of abandonment. The Flags of Convenience (FOC) system remains central to the crisis. Vessels registered under FOC states, such as St. Kitts & Nevis (26), Tanzania (26) and Comoros (18) dominate the abandonment lists. These flags offer owners anonymity, deregulation and immunity from scrutiny – at the direct expense of seafarer rights.
截至2025年，近75%的遗弃船舶属于方便旗国。这些船旗国通常不履行国际义务，也不会追究那些刚出现财务困难迹象时就逃避责任的船东。
Nearly 75% of abandoned vessels in 2025 so far are under FOCs. These flag states routinely fail to enforce international obligations or pursue shipowners who dump their responsibilities at the first sign of financial trouble.
「方便旗制度寄生于航运业，」Trowsdale补充道，「这使船东得以躲避于实际执行困难、纸面的司法管辖权背后，而海员则被遗弃在锈迹斑斑的船上。当各国面对这些罪行视而不见──甚至更糟的是，从中牟利——时，多国就成了同谋。」
“The Flags of Convenience system is parasitic on the maritime industry,” added Trowsdale. “It allows shipowners to hide behind paper jurisdictions while seafarers are left abandoned on rusting hulls. And when countries enable these crimes by looking the other way – or worse, profiting from them – they become complicit.”
ITF要求追究责任
ITF demands accountability
ITF呼吁国际监管机构、港口国家和国际海事组织采取紧急行动。
The ITF is calling on international regulators, port states, and the International Maritime Organization to take urgent action.
鉴于全球贸易依赖海员工作，ITF警告称，持续的不作为，不仅威胁着海员生命，也威胁航运业本身的诚信——该行业正面临招聘和挽留人才危机。
With global trade dependent on seafarers, the ITF warns that continued inaction threatens not just lives, but the integrity of the shipping industry itself – an industry in the midst of a recruitment and retention crisis.
船旗国和港口国缺乏执法和反应、船舶缺乏足够的保险，以及船东拒绝承担船员福利责任，这些都是导致海员被遗弃的常见因素，而且使问题更难解决。这些失误不仅仅是行政上的漏洞；它们正在导致一个行业将海员视为「用完即弃」。
A lack of enforcement and responsiveness from flag and port states, the absence of adequate insurance for vessels, and shipowners refusing to accept responsibility for crew welfare are common factors that contribute to abandonment – and make it harder to resolve. These failures are not just administrative gaps; they are enabling an industry where seafarers are discarded when no longer convenient.
「必须追究责任。如果我们允许这种剥削继续下去，我们就会摧毁全球贸易所依赖的劳动力。」Trowsdale 总结道。
“There must be accountability. If we allow this exploitation to continue, we destroy the very workforce global trade depends on,” Trowsdale concluded.
