上岸休假与港口福利的未来
Shore leave & the future of port-based welfare
国际运输工人联盟海员信托基金一项最新调查，证实了业界普遍忧虑──疫后，海员获得岸上休假的机会正在减少，而即使海员有机会前往岸上海员中心，停留时间通常也不到两小时。调查集合来自世界各地海员福利工作者的回应，為世界海事大学以海员亲身反馈而作的同类调查，提供佐证：船上繁重的工作量和有限的港口停留时间，是造成不少海员几乎无法获得上岸休假的主要原因。
A new study from The ITF Seafarers’ Trust confirms fears that seafarers’ access to shore leave is in decline since the pandemic. Where seafarers’ centres are visited, the stays are usually for less than 2 hours. People working in seafarers’ welfare corroborate the responses given by seafarers in a report published with World Maritime University earlier this year: the combination of workload on board and limited time in port are the main barriers making it virtually impossible for many seafarers to take shore leave.
《上岸休假与港口福利的未来》调查收集了港口福利领域工作者的回覆，调查结果为早前发表的《上岸休假：稀有、短暂，近乎绝迹》，提供了另一角度了解问题。该调查共接获25个国家83个海员服务机构的96份回覆。调查发现，自疫情爆发以来，海员在海员中心停留的时间下降了61%，其中68%海员表示，他们每天在中心停留的时间不到2小时。除了港口停留时间不足和船上工作量繁重外，港口国和船公司的限制也是造成这现象的重要原因。
‘Shore Leave and the Future of Port-Based Welfare’ presents the findings of a survey of people working in the field of port-based welfare and adds a different perspective to the results published in ‘Shore Leave: Rare, Brief and in Danger of Extinction’. Ninety-six responses were received from eighty-three organisations running services for seafarers in 25 countries. It finds a 61% decline in seafarers spending time ashore in seafarers’ centres since the start of the pandemic, with 68% reporting that most seafarers spend less than 2 hours in their centres. In addition to lack of time in port and heavy workload on board, port state and company restrictions feature as significant.
对于海员的困境，提供港口福利的机构显然感同身受。海员中心和服务提供者在海员福利和福祉领域发挥关键作用，它们为海员提供了使用设施、缓解压力以及与岸上人员和社区建立联系的途径。此调查证实海员上岸休假面临的障碍及其系统性和多重原因。
The port-based welfare community clearly share the frustrations of seafarers. Seafarers’ centres and service providers play a key role in the maritime welfare and wellbeing landscape. They provide a gateway for seafarers to access facilities, relieve pressure and connect with people and communities ashore. This report confirms the barriers to seafarers’ ability to take shore leave and their systemic and multiple causes.
自疫情爆发以来，航运界一直强调海员福利和身心福祉的重要性，然而，这种重视并未转化为促进海员上岸休假的实际措施。如果这些障碍持续存在且未被消除，令人担忧的是，由于需求不足，港口福利服务将陷入恶性循环：因为需求不足，加剧设施进一步减少，从而导致服务下降。
Since the pandemic, the maritime industry has been vocal about the importance of seafarers’ welfare and wellbeing, however this is not translating into practices that facilitate shore leave. If these barriers continue unabated, the concern is of a vicious circle of decline in viable port-based welfare services due to lack of demand, and lack of demand due to loss of facilities thereby compounding the problem.
国际运输工人联盟（ITF）海员信托基金负责人Katie Higginbottom表示：「如果我们认真对待《海事劳工公约》（MLC）中关于『应给予海员上岸休假以促进其身心健康…』的规定，我们必须靠监管机构和航运业界，确保不会因为营运或商业因素，令这项声明沦为形同虚设。就捍卫海员上岸休假权利，我们必须达成共识，并积极主动抓紧一切机会促成其效。
According to Katie Higginbottom, Head of the ITF Seafarers’ Trust, ‘If we take at face value the MLC regulation requiring that ‘Seafarers shall be granted shore leave to benefit their health and well-being…’, we must look to the regulators and the shipping industry to make sure that the operational and commercial factors don’t render this statement meaningless. There must be a consensus around defending seafarers’ right to shore leave and proactive efforts made to facilitate it at every opportunity.’
该调查报告的建议对所有海事持份者都是一项挑战：
The report’s recommendations are a challenge to all maritime stakeholders:
像ITF海员信托基金这样的资助方，应继续与港口福利服务提供者合作，支持和推广现有的、具弹性且切实可行的服务，并探索在港口区域内扩展服务的新途径。
Funders, such as the ITFST, should continue to work with port-based welfare providers to support and promote adaptable, viable services where they exist and identify new possibilities for extending services within port areas.
监管机构应审查有关工作／休息时间和最低安全人员配备的要求，以确保海员有充足的时间休息，并允许其上岸休假。
Regulators should review requirements around hours of work/rest and minimum safe manning to ensure that seafarers have sufficient time to take adequate rest, allowing shore leave.
航运公司应确保船上「人道的劳动条件」（国际劳工组织宪章），并积极促进船员福祉，包括上岸休假，以保障船舶安全运作。
Shipping companies should ensure ‘humane conditions of labour’ (ILO constitution) on board ships and actively promote crew wellbeing, including access to shore leave, in the interest of safe operation.
所有海事持份者应携手合作，为海员上岸休假创造有利条件，共同承担责任。
All maritime stakeholders should work together and take collective responsibility for creating conditions that facilitate seafarers’ access to shore leave.
「这份报告提醒我们，海员的福祉取决于共同责任。福利提供者、监管机构和行业领导层必须携手合作，确保上岸休假再次成为常态，而非例外。」国际基督教海事协会（ICMA）秘书长Jason Zuidema博士说。
“This report reminds us that seafarers’ welfare depends on shared responsibility. Together, welfare providers, regulators, and industry leaders must ensure that access to shore leave becomes the norm again, not the exception.” Dr. Jason Zuidema, General Secretary, International Christian Maritime Association (ICMA).
Resource from：
https://www.seafarerstrust.org/news-and-press-releases/news/shore-leave-future-port-based-welfare
