遗弃海员危机：航运业史上最严峻 数千人被遗弃
SEAFARER ABANDONMENT CRISIS: THOUSANDS LEFT BEHIND IN SHIPPING’S WORST YEAR ON RECORD
国际运输工人联盟（ITF）数据显示，船舶和海员被遗弃事件不断恶化，达到历史上最严重水平。其中印度海员受影响最大，2025年被遗弃的海员总数超过6,000人，包括逾1,000名印度海员。)
(ITF data shows spiraling ship and seafarer abandonment at worst ever levels – Indian seafarers worst affected with more than 1,000 abandoned out of a total of more than 6,000 abandoned seafarers in 2025.
根据国际运输工人联盟（ITF）最新汇编的数据，2025年海员遗弃事件达到历史性新高，410艘船舶上共有6223名海员被遗弃。
Seafarer abandonment hit record levels in 2025, according to new data compiled by the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF), with 6,223 seafarers abandoned across 410 ships.
遗弃海员危机迫在眉睫，数据显示，船舶遗弃数量连续第六年创纪录，被遗弃海员总数亦连续第四年创新高：与2024年相比，船舶遗弃数量增加了31%，海员遗弃数量增加了32%。
Seafarer abandonment is in crisis, with the data marking the sixth year in a row that the number of vessels on which abandonments occurred has broken records and the fourth year in a row that the total number of seafarers abandoned has broken records: the numbers represent a 31% increase in such ship abandonments compared to 2024, and a 32% increase in seafarer abandonment.
ITF的数据，将以报告的形式提交国际海事组织（IMO），供其在今年的法律委员会会议上讨论。数据显示，由于船舶遗弃事件，2025年海员共被拖欠2,580万美元。 ITF已从中追回并发还1,650万美元给受影响海员。
ITF data, which will be submitted in a report to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) ahead of its discussion at a legal committee meeting this year, also shows that seafarers were owed a total of USD25.8 million in 2025 as a consequence of the abandonments. From this total, the ITF has recovered and returned USD16.5 million to seafarers.
ITF海员部主席David Heindel表示：「令人愤慨的是，我们再次看到创纪录数量的海员被无良船东遗弃。
It’s nothing short of a disgrace that, yet again, we are seeing record numbers of seafarers abandoned by unscrupulous ship owners,” said David Heindel, Chair of the ITF Seafarers’ Section.
每天，世界各地的海员都面临人权和劳动权利遭受严重侵犯的困境，而这一切都是因为那些唯利是图的公司从中牟取暴利。很明显，这是航运业的系统性问题──这意味我们需要整个行业与海员及其工会团结起来，共同发出『够了！ 』的呐喊，并采取共同行动来结束这场危机。 」
“Every day, all around the world, seafarers face horrific violations of their human and labour rights, all so that bottom-feeding companies can make a quick buck at their expense. It’s very clear that this is a systemic issue in the industry – and that means we need the entire industry to come together with seafarers and their unions to say, ‘enough is enough’, and take action together to end this crisis.”
IMO根据三项标准定义海员遭遗弃：未能支付海员遣返费用；使海员缺乏必要的生活用品和支持；单方面切断与海员的联系，包括至少两个月未支付合约工资。 IMO和国际劳工组织（ILO）共同运作一个海员遗弃资料库：去年发生的410宗遗弃事件中，ITF报告了400宗（占98%）。
Seafarer abandonment is defined by the IMO under three criteria: failing to cover the cost of a seafarer’s repatriation; leaving a seafarer without necessary maintenance and support; unilaterally severing ties with a seafarer, including failure to pay contractual wages for a period of at least two months. The IMO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) run a joint seafarer abandonment database: of 410 abandonments last year, the ITF reported 400 (98 percent).
海员国籍及弃船地点
Seafarer nationalities, abandonment locations
与2024年一样，印度海员在2025年也是受影响最严重的国家民族，共有1125名海员被遗弃。 2025年底，印度政府宣布将采取「黑名单」措施，以保护海员避免在有多次遗弃和其他不良行为记录的船舶上工作。
Indian seafarers were the worst affected national group in 2025, as in 2024, with 1,125 seafarers abandoned – at the end of 2025, the Indian Government announced that ‘blacklisting’ measures would be taken to protect seafarers from ships with a record of repeat abandonments and other bad practices.
菲律宾海员受影响程度位居第二，共有539人遭遗弃，其次是叙利亚海员，有309人遭遗弃。
Filipino seafarers were the second worst affected, with 539 abandoned, followed by Syrians with 309 abandoned.
发生弃船情况最严重的地区是中东，其次是欧洲。弃船数量最多的两个国家——即最多遗弃船舶地点——分别是土耳其（61艘）和阿拉伯联合大公国（54艘），这两个国家发生的弃船数量，均显著高于其他国家。
The worst region for abandonment was the Middle East, followed by Europe. The two countries where most ship abandonments took place – the countries with the highest number of vessels on which abandonments occurred – both of which have significantly higher abandonments than any other country, were Türkiye (61) and the United Arab Emirates (54).
方便旗/Flags of Convenience
悬挂方便旗的船舶在弃船事件中占显著地位：2025年被遗弃的船舶中，有337艘悬挂方便旗，占总数的82%。 ITF估计，全球约10万艘商船中，约有30%悬挂方便旗。
Flag of Convenience (FOCs) vessels feature prominently in abandonment: 337 vessels abandoned in 2025 – 82% of the total – were flying FOC flags. The ITF estimates that around 30% of the entire 100,000-strong global fleet of merchant vessels fly FOCs.
与2024年一样，巴拿马（方便旗国）仍然是弃船事故最多的船旗国（68宗，高于去年的43宗），而悬挂未知船旗的弃船事故数量则增加了一倍多（46宗，高于去年的20宗）。
As in 2024, Panama, an FOC, remains the Flag State with the most abandonments (68, up from 43), while the number of abandonments under an unknown flag have more than doubled (46, up from 20).
ITF开展反方便旗船运动已有75年多，并长期警告称，方便旗制度威胁海员权益，并助长非法活动。近几周来，ITF针对频密转换船旗的影子船队油轮，进行连串行动，加深大众对此问题认识。
The ITF has run a campaign on FOCs for more than 75 years and has long warned of the threat to seafarers’ rights and the illegal and illicit activities enabled by the FOC system. This has become more widely understood in recent weeks through operations undertaken against flag-switching shadow fleet tankers.
ITF秘书长 Stephen Cotton表示：「究竟还要有多少海员遭受遗弃的痛苦，我们才能看到必要的变革，从而终结这种可耻的做法？
ITF General Secretary Stephen Cotton said: “How many more seafarers have to be put through the misery of abandonment until we see the changes that we know are needed to end this disgraceful practice?
「2025年，我们再次见证了海员弃船事故数量创历史新高。但这不仅仅是数字，这些是活生生的人——是那些维持我们经济运转的工人——他们被迫陷入绝境，远离家乡，而且往往前路茫茫，看不到明确出路。
“In 2025, we’ve yet again seen the worst year on record for seafarer abandonment. But this isn’t just a story about numbers, these are the people – the workers – who keep our economy moving forward being forced into absolutely desperate situations, far from home and often without any clear resolution in sight.
「正如我们一直强调的，解决遗弃问题的方案在于航运业的问责制，需要确保船东无法逃避责任。IMO必须被赋予更大的权力，使其可以在消除弃船现象方面，发挥更大的协调作用。」
“As we’ve long said, the solutions to abandonment lie in accountability in the shipping industry ensuring that ship owners can’t dodge their responsibilities. The International Maritime Organization must be given more power to play a coordinating role in eradicating abandonment.”
ITF呼吁采取以下措施解决海员遗弃问题：
The ITF is calling for the following steps to be taken to tackle seafarer abandonment:
• 强制船旗国登记船舶的实质船东资讯（包括联络方式），作为船舶登记的先决条件。
Flag States to be compelled to log a ship’s beneficial owner, including contact details, as a pre-condition for registration
• 参考印度海事总局的做法，将屡次发生遗弃海员事件的船舶列入国家黑名单，以保护海员免受其害。
National blacklisting of ships to protect seafarers from ships with repeated involvement in abandonment cases, following the lead of India’s DG Shipping
• 政府应调查方便旗的使用情况，目前美国正在进行相关调查。
Government investigations into the use of Flags of Convenience, as is currently underway in the USA
案例研究：Eleen Armonia号
Case study: the Eleen Armonia
四名印度海员被遗弃，其中一人向ITF讲述目前困境。这名海员与同僚自去年6月以来，一直被困在尼日利亚海岸附近的Eleen Armonia号上，至今未收到任何工资——ITF已于2025年8月将该船列为弃船。尽管他们多次提出申诉，且合约已到期，但船公司Eleen Marine仍未安排他们回国，但其他船员已经「放船」回家。
One Indian seafarer who is currently abandoned alongside three other Indian crew spoke to the ITF about his ongoing ordeal. The seafarer and three of his crew mates have been aboard the ship, the Eleen Armonia, off the coast of Nigeria, since June without receiving pay – the ITF filed the ship as abandoned in August 2025. Despite repeated appeals and the expiration of contracts, they have not been repatriated by the ship owner – Eleen Marine – despite seeing other crew members ‘signing off’ to go home.
「每个月我们都要求公司支付工资并让我们回家，但他们根本不在乎。我们联系了许多机构，包括ITF，他们都在努力帮助我们，但现在看来，恐怕只有公司可以决定我们何时回家。」这位海员说。
“Every month we’ve asked the company to pay our wages and send us home, but they don’t care. We’re in touch with many authorities, including the ITF, who are trying to help us, but right now it feels like we will only go home when the company decides,” the seafarer said.
「这里的情况比地狱还糟糕！公司不断给我们空头支票，他们大概答应过我们十次可以回家，结果什么也没发生。船舶保险公司去年12月联系我们，说由于我们的工资已经拖欠两个多月，他们会介入并帮助我们办理离境手续。但后来他们又说还在等公司批准，而公司已经一个星期没有回覆了。」
“The situation here is worse than hell. We keep hearing false promises from the company, it’s maybe 10 times that they’ve promised us we can go home, then nothing. The ship’s insurer contacted us in December and said that since our wages have been pending for more than two months they would get involved and help us sign off. But then they said they are still waiting for company permission, and the company hasn’t replied for a week.”
他补充说：「现在我每天都因为压力而失眠，如果这种情况持续下去，我真的不知道我的健康会受到怎样的影响。我当初之所以匆忙加入这艘船，是因为这份工作合约后，意味着我可以和我刚出生的女儿，以及家人一起过圣诞节和新年——现在我错过了圣诞节、新年和一个重要的家庭活动。作为海员，我们受到这样的对待，真的是其耻大辱。」
He added: “It’s become a daily routine for me that I can’t sleep from stress, and if this continues, I honestly don’t know how it will affect my health. I joined this vessel quickly because the assignment meant I could spend Christmas and New Year with my new daughter and family – I have now missed Christmas, New Year and an important family event. As seafarers, it feels really shameful that we’re treated this way.”
2025年初， ITF的一份报告详细披露了Eleen Marine公司与在斯洛维尼亚注册的假工会「国际海员联盟」（ISU）之间的关系。 ISU与Lanibra公司同时成立并协同运营，后者向船东出售反工会服务。这意味着ISU违反了禁止雇主「干预」工会运作的国际法和国内法律。
Earlier in 2025, an ITF report detailed Eleen Marine’s relationship with the Slovenia-registered sham union, the ‘International Seafarers’ Union’ (ISU). ISU was established alongside and operates in tandem with the company, Lanibra, which sells anti-union services to ship owners. This means ISU violates international and national laws that forbid ‘interference’ by employers in a union.
据了解，Eleen Marine从ISU-Lanibra购买的协议已于6月到期，且未续约。
Agreements Eleen Marine purchased from ISU-Lanibra are believed to have expired in June and have not been renewed.
为保护海员身份，其姓名不会披露。海员们担心公开事件，会遭到雇主报复和被列入黑名单
The seafarer’s name has not been used to protect his identity. Seafarers fear reprisals and blacklisting by employers for speaking out.
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